Consumo de álcool e violência entre adolescentes argentinos / Alcohol consumption and violence among Argentine adolescents

OBJETIVO: Este estudo investigou a associação entre álcool e violência na população de jovens argentinos. MÉTODOS: Dados da Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) de 2007, uma pesquisa representativa em termos nacionais com alunos do ensino médio, foram examinados utilizando-se modelos de regressão logística ajustados por idade. RESULTADOS: Dos 1328 alunos participantes entre 13 e 15 anos de idade, 51,9% declararam ter consumido álcool no último mês, com taxas mais elevadas entre meninos (p = 0,04) e alunos mais velhos (p < 0,01). Homens e mulheres que bebem demonstraram estar quase duas vezes mais propensos a relatar agressão física, quando em uma briga física, e pensamentos sobre violência autoinfligida do que aqueles que não bebem. Entre as pessoas que bebem, aquelas que reportaram saúde mental precária, haviam sido vítimas de bullying, fumavam, faziam uso de drogas ou abandonaram a escola sem permissão se mostraram duas vezes mais propensas ao envolvimento em atividades violentas do que outras pessoas que também bebem. CONCLUSÃO: Intervenções de saúde pública quanto à violência entre jovens adolescentes devem ser desenvolvidas em combinação com programas de educação sobre álcool.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association between alcohol and violence among Argentine youth. METHODS: Data from the 2007 Argentina Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), a nationally representative survey of middle school students, were examined using age-adjusted logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of the 1,328 participating students aged 13 to 15 years old, 51.9% reported drinking alcohol in the previous month, with higher rates among males (p = 0.04) and older students (p < 0.01). Both male and female drinkers were nearly twice as likely as non-drinkers to report being physically attacked, being in a physical fight, and having thoughts about self-directed violence. Among drinkers, those who reported poor mental health, were victims of bullying, used tobacco or drugs, or skipped school without permission were approximately twice as likely as other drinkers to have engaged in violent activities. CONCLUSION: Public health interventions targeting violence among young adolescents should be developed in combination with alcohol education programs.

Parental Involvement and Mental Well-Being of Indian Adolescents.

This study examined the association between parental involvement and mental well-being among the 6721 school-going adolescents aged 13 to 15 years who participated in India’s nationally-representative Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) in 2007. Parental involvement (homework checking, parental understanding of their children’s problems, and parental knowledge of their children’s free-time activities) was reported by students to decrease with age, while poor mental health (loneliness, insomnia due to anxiety, and sadness and hopelessness) increased with age. Age adjusted Logistic regression models showed that high levels of reported parental involvement were significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of poor mental health

Relación entre prácticas alimentarias reportadas por niños chilenos y preferencias de los padres para su consumo / Relationship between reported dietary practices of Chilean children and their parents preferences for their consumption

The objective of this study was to examine agreement between parental preferences and self-reported food intake in Chilean children. In 2008,152 pairs, of 8 to 13 year old schoolchildren and their parents in Santiago were surveyed. Children self-reported their frequency of consumption of foods from various food groups. Parents reported how often they preferred their children to consume foods from these same food groups. Children reported consuming more sweets, high-calorie snacks, and fruit, and fewer grains than their parents reported preferring them to consume. Girls, 10 and 11 year olds, and children who watched television and used the computer for less than 2 hours per day had dietary patterns most closely aligned with their parents' reported preferences. Children 's dietary reports generally follow parental preferences. Intervention programs should include programs that facilitate parental guidance and encourage children to make healthy food choices at home and in school.

Se estudia concordancia entre preferencias de padres y auto-reporte de niños chilenos en consumo de alimentos. En 2008, se encuestaron 152 escolares ente 8 y 13 años de edad y sus padres, en Santiago, Chile. Los niños reportaron frecuencia de consumo de diferentes grupos de alimentos y los padres, frecuencia con que prefieren que sus hijos los consuman. Los niños informaron mayor consumo de dulces, colaciones altas en calorías y frutas y menor consumo de cereales, que lo declarado por sus padres. Los patrones alimentarios más estrechamente alineados con lo reportado por los padres se observan en: niñas; edades entre 10 y 11 años; ver televisión y utilizar computador menos de 2 horas diarias. En general, lo reportado por niños sigue los patrones de los padres. Programas de intervención debieran incluir guía a padres y estimulo a niños para elegir opciones alimentarias saludables en el hogar y en la escuela.

HIV/AIDS-associated beliefs and practices relating to diet and work in southeastern Uganda.

To explore beliefs relating to diet, work, and HIV/AIDS among the Busoga of rural southeastern Uganda, a cross-sectional survey of 322 adults was conducted in 2007 in Mayuge district, Uganda. Of these adults, 56 were HIV-infected, 120 had a family member with HIV/AIDS, and 146 were in households without HIVinfected members. More than 74.2% of the adults knew someone with HIV/AIDS, and more than 90% correctly identified transmission modes and prevention methods of HIV. In total, 93.2% believed that a person with HIV should work fewer hours to conserve energy but all the three participant groups reported the same working hours. Also, 91.6% believed that a person with HIV infection should eat special nutritious foods, and the participants with HIV infection reported eating more fruits (p=0.020) and vegetables (p=0.012) than other participants. The participants expressed a consistent set of health beliefs about practices relating to HIV/AIDS.

Prevalence of intestinal parasites in young Quichua children in the highlands of rural Ecuador.

The prevalence of intestinal parasites in young Quichua children was assessed in 20 rural communities in the highlands of Ecuador in August 2005. The caregivers of 293 children aged 12-60 months were interviewed about the status of child health, household socioeconomic and environmental factors, and water-use practices and were requested to collect a faecal sample from the study child. Two hundred three (69.3%) of the 293 children provided faecal samples that were tested for parasites. The overall prevalences of infection for specific agents were Entamoeba histolytica or dispar 57.1%, Ascaris lumbricoides 35.5%, Entamoeba coli 34.0%, Giardia intestinalis (lamblia) 21.1%, Hymenolepis nana 11.3%, Cryptosporidium parvum 8.9%, Chilomastix mesnili 1.7%, Hymenolepis diminuta 1.0%, Strongyloides stercoralis 0.7%, and Trichuris trichiura 0.5%. The prevalence of parasites increased with age. Water storage, water treatment, consistent latrine-use, and participation in a community-based clean water project were not strongly associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasites, although having dirt floors was a risk factor for infection with E. histolytica or dispar and G. intestinalis.